Gravity separation production line
Gravity separation production lines are mineral processing systems that separate minerals based on their density differences in water, air, or heavy media. Their core advantages are low cost, no pollution, and simple equipment. They are widely used for the separation of minerals such as gold, tin, tungsten, titanium, iron, and coal.
Core Principle:
Utilizing the difference in settling velocity or stress of different minerals in a medium, high-density minerals (such as gold and cassiterite) are separated from low-density gangue (such as quartz and feldspar). No chemical reagents are required, making it environmentally friendly and economical.
Process Flow:
Crushing and Screening
The raw ore is coarsely/mediumly crushed by jaw crushers and cone crushers, and then classified by vibrating screens to control the feed particle size (usually ≤50mm).
Grinding and Classification
The crushed ore particles are fed into ball mills/rod mills for grinding, causing the target minerals to liberate.
The slurry is classified by spiral classifiers and hydrocyclones. Coarse particles are returned for regrinding, while fine particles enter the separation stage.
Gravity Separation (Core)
Equipment is matched according to particle size for graded separation to improve efficiency:
Coarse particles (50–0.5mm): Jigs (diaphragm/serrated wave type), relying on pulsating water flow for stratification, high throughput and high precision.
Medium-fine particles (2–0.074mm): Spiral sluices/spiral concentrators, no power required, small footprint, suitable for roughing and enrichment.
Fine/micro-fine particles (<0.2mm): Shaking tables (mainly 6S shaking tables), high-precision separation, high enrichment ratio; micro-fine particles can be enhanced and recovered using centrifugal concentrators (Nelson/STLB).
Refinement and Purification
Rough concentrates can be further refined multiple times using shaking tables, centrifugal concentrators, or small jigs to improve grade.
Magnetic separation and flotation can be combined when necessary to form a combined process.
Dewatering and Drying
Concentrates/tailings are dewatered using thickeners, filter presses, and dryers for easy transportation and storage.
Production Line Features
Environmentally Friendly: No reagent consumption, minimal tailings pollution.
Economical: Simple equipment, low energy consumption, low operating costs.
Widely Applicable: Suitable for minerals with large density differences and coarse intercalation, especially placer deposits and oxide ores.
Limitations: Low recovery efficiency for **fine particles (<0.04mm)**, often requiring combined processes.
Application Scenarios
Place Gold Deposits: Crushing → Screening → Jigging → Shaking Table → Centrifugal Concentration, efficient recovery of coarse/fine gold particles.
Tin/Tungsten Ore: Grinding and Classification → Spiral Sluice Grain Roughing → Shaking Table Cleaning, producing high-grade concentrate.
Hematite/Limonite: Heavy Media Pre-concentration → Jigging → Shaking Table, low-cost iron extraction.
Coal: Jigging as the main method, separating lump coal/fine coal, reducing ash and improving quality.
Performance Advantages
Performance Advantages
Intelligent
Automatic analysis of operating status and early warning of abnormal conditions allow you to be fully aware of how your equipment is running.
Fully automated
From crushing and feeding to concentrate output, the entire production line can be started and stopped sequentially with a single button.
Safety
The equipment is equipped with multiple mechanical interlocks and electrical protection devices to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.
Highly adaptable
The equipment can process various types of ore, from soft limestone to high-hardness iron ore, and is adaptable to both dry and wet processing methods.
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